Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: A narrative review of the literature
John A. Cuenca 1, Marissa G. Schettino 2, Ketty E. Vera 2, L. Esteban Tamariz 3
1 Departamento de Cuidados Críticos, División de Anestesiología, Cuidados Críticos y Medicina del Dolor, Centro Oncológico MD Anderson, Universidad de Texas, Houston, Texas, EE.UU.; 2 Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador; 3 Departamento de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
John A. Cuenca, Marissa G. Schettino, Ketty E. Vera, L. Esteban Tamariz
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*Correspondencia: John A. Cuenca, Email no disponible
Resumen
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is one of the most advanced forms of immunotherapy. It is based on the genetic modification of T lymphocytes through the infection by a retrovirus that serves as the vector. The genetic information is translated into the production of a chimeric membrane receptor, which is directed specifically against a tumor protein. These T lymphocytes proliferate and generate an inflammatory response targeting tumor cells, in many cases achieving a curative response. This new strategy has shown promising results in the treatment of malignancies refractory to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies, especially in acute lymphoid leukemia and certain types of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This review of the literature synthesizes the principles of the genetically engineered CAR-T cells, the anti-tumoral mechanism, clinical application, and its adverse events.
